MEASURING THE ANTECEDENT EFFECTS OF SERVICE COGNITION AND INTERNET SHOPPING ANXIETY ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION WITH E-TAILING SERVICE

Internet shopping anxiety (ISA), or the negative emotion that results from an individual’s experiences with online shopping in particular, is an important factor to explain the consumer’s emotion in ecommerce usage experience, such as e-tailing service usage experience. In this study, we introduce Internet shopping anxiety (ISA) as a new factor that reflect the consumer’s emotion in e-tailing service usage. We explore and empirically validate the relationships among Internet shopping anxiety, perceived risk and consumer satisfaction under the online retailing context. This study surveyed and collected the responses of 239 survey participants with online shopping experience. The results indicated that E-tailing service quality and trust in website have significant negative effects on Internet shopping anxiety. Further, the results showed that Internet shopping anxiety have a significant positive effect on perceived risk. Finally, perceived risk is found to have a significant negative effect on consumers’ satisfaction.consumer satisfaction, e-tailing service, internet shopping anxiety.

The Status of Pro-social Tendency of Left-Behind Adolescents in China: How Family Function and Self-Esteem Affect Pro-social Tendencies

In China, adolescents are frequently left behind. To date, few studies have focused on the pro-social tendencies of left-behind adolescents and the relationship of family function, self-esteem, and pro-social tendency is yet to be examined. This study, therefore, aims to understand the status of pro-social tendency of left-behind adolescents and to explore the mediating and moderating roles of self-esteem in the relationship between family function and pro-social tendency. A large, school-based survey was conducted in three Chinese provinces. An analysis of covariance was first used to identify the differences in pro-social tendency between adolescents who were and were not left behind. We then analyzed the variance within left-behind adolescents using demographics, left-behind type, years of being left-behind, and caregiver related characteristics. A structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship of family function, self-esteem, and pro-social tendency, with bootstrapping used to explore the mediating role of self-esteem. Additionally, an ordinary least squares regression was used to examine the moderating effect of self-esteem. The results showed that the pro-social tendency of left-behind adolescents was lower than in non-left-behind adolescents (F = 15.11, p = 0.0001). Family function was positive related to pro-social tendency (r = 0.259), which had not only a direct effect on pro-social tendency (β = 0.254), but also an indirect effect through self-esteem (β = 0.071, bias-corrected 95% CI: 0.051:0.090; percentile 95% CI: 0.053:0.092). Additionally, 21.85% of the total effect of family function on pro-social tendency was mediated by self-esteem. Furthermore, self-esteem negatively moderated the relationship between family function and pro-social tendency (β = -0.208, p < 0.0001), such that the effect of family function on pro-social tendency became weaker as self-esteem increased. The current study verified the negative effect of being left behind on the social development of adolescents and contributed to the understanding of the importance of self-esteem in the relationship between family function and pro-social tendency. Interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem should be developed and implemented in left-behind adolescents to promote wellness in the entirety of psychological and social outcomes

Endothelin-l regulates cardiac L-type calcium channels via NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide

Abbreviations: NAD(P)H, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; ROS, reactive oxygen species; NPo, channel open state probability; SD, Sprague Dawley; DHE, dihydroethidium; DMEM: dulbecco's modification of eagle's medium; BSA, bovine serum albumin; I CaL, L-type calcium channel current. ET-1, endothelin-1; SOD, superoxide dismutase, PEG, polyethylene glycol; X-XO: xanthine-xanthine oxidase; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; PKC, protein kinase C. ET-1-induced increases in calcium channel NPo. Tempol, SOD, and gp91ds-tat alone had no effect on basal calcium channel activity. In addition, ET-1 significantly increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and elevated intracellular superoxide levels in cultured cardiac myocytes. The superoxide generator, xanthinexanthine oxidase (10 mM, 20 mU/ml), also increased calcium channel NPo in cardiac myocytes, mimicking the effect of ET-1. These observations provide the first evidence that ET-1 induces the activation of L-type Ca 2+ channels via stimulation of NAD(P)H-derived superoxide production in cardiac myocytes

Varied Pathways of Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinomas Discovered by Integrated Gene Expression Analysis

Background: Discovery of the progression-associated genes and pathways in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) has important implications in understanding the molecular mechanism of tumor development. However, few studies had been performed to focus on the changes of pathways in lung adenocarcinoma development using microarray expression profile.Result: We performed a meta-analysis of 4 LAD microarray datasets encompassing 353 patients to reveal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal lung tissues and LAD of different stages. Overall, 1 838 genes were found to be dys-regulated, and the adipogenesis, circadian rhythm, and Id pathways were significantly changed. Interestingly, most of the genes from the same gene family (such as Interleukin receptor, Matrix metallopeptidase, Histone cluster and Minichromosome maintenance complex component families) were found to be up-regulated (or down-regulated). Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to validate the expression of randomly selected 18 DEGs in LAD cell lines. In the pathway analysis among stages, Oxidative stress, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and Integrin-mediated cell adhesion pathways, which were involved in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, were showed to be significantly regulated in stages other than IA.Conclusion: Genes involved in adipogenesis and Id pathways might play important roles in development of LADs. The similar trend of expression of the gene family members suggested coordinate regulation in tumor progression. Three pathways (Oxidative stress, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and Integrin-mediated cell adhesion pathways) significantly regulated in stages other than stage IA suggested that genes and pathways conferring invasive character might be activated in the preinvasive stage IB, while the Oxidative stress and the Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis pathways might have strong connections to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The insignificantly regulated three pathways in stage IA might be used in early-stage detection of LAD.</p

Pressor Effect of Apelin-13 in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla: Role of NAD(P)H Oxidase-Derived Superoxide

Microinjection of apelin-13 into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in the brainstem increases blood pressure in rats. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that apelin-13 directly stimulates neuronal activity in neurons cultured from the brainstem and that NAD(P)H oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species are involved in this action of apelin-13. Microinjection of apelin-13 into the RVLM resulted in increases in arterial pressure and in renal sympathetic nerve activity in Sprague-Dawley rats. The pressor effect of apelin-13 was attenuated by the specific NAD(P)H-oxidase inhibitor gp91ds-tat. In neurons cultured from the ventral brainstem, spontaneous action potentials were recorded using current-clamp recording. Superfusion of neurons with apelin-13 (100 nM) increased the neuronal firing rate from 0.79 ± 0.14 to 1.45 ± 0.26 Hz (n = 7, P < 0.01) in angiotensin II receptor-like 1-positive neurons, identified with single-cell reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Neither the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan nor the angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist 1-[[4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylphenyl[methyl]-5-(diphenylacetyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid ditrifluoroacetate (PD123319) altered the positive chronotropic effect of apelin-13. Pretreatment of cells with either the reactive oxygen species scavenger superoxide dismutase [polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), 25 U/ml] or with gp91ds-tat significantly attenuated the chronotropic action of apelin-13. PEG-SOD and gp91ds-tat alone had no effect on basal neuronal firing. In addition, apelin-13 significantly increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and elevated intracellular superoxide levels in neuronal cultures. The superoxide generator xanthine-xanthine oxidase also increased neuronal activity in neurons, mimicking the neuronal response to apelin-13. These observations provide the first evidence that apelin-13 directly increases neuronal activity via stimulation of NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide, a cellular signaling mechanism that may be involved in the pressor effect of apelin-13 in the RVLM